How is oversized fractions defined in the context of D698?

In the context of D698, the term "oversized fractions" refers to the portion of a sample that does not pass through the specified sieve size. This definition is crucial because understanding what constitutes oversized material helps in evaluating the gradation and overall quality of the soil or aggregate being tested. Oversized fractions can affect compaction characteristics, drainage, and overall performance in construction applications. By identifying these particles, one can assess their impact on the material's suitability for various engineering uses.

While the other choices might relate to aspects of soil testing, they do not accurately capture the definition of oversized fractions as stipulated in D698. For example, passing through the required sieve or having particles uniform in size does not represent oversized material. Understanding the distinctions among these definitions is essential for effective soil testing and classification.