What does the term "bearing capacity" refer to?

The term "bearing capacity" specifically refers to the ability of soil to support loads that are applied to it without experiencing excessive settlement or failure. It is a critical concept in civil and geotechnical engineering, as it directly impacts the design and stability of structures. When determining the bearing capacity, engineers assess factors like soil type, moisture content, and load conditions to ensure that the foundation will adequately support the intended structures. This understanding is essential for avoiding structural damage that could arise from inadequate support.

In contrast, the first option pertains to overall structural load limits rather than the soil's ability. The third option addresses soil density, which, while important, does not directly define the bearing capacity. The fourth option mentions soil resistance to compression, which is a related but distinct concept focusing more on material properties rather than overall support capacity in terms of load-bearing. Therefore, the understanding of bearing capacity is foundational for evaluating site suitability for construction and ensuring safety and performance in engineering designs.